What is acupuncture?

Acupuncture has surged in popularity for the last few decades as brought on by the recent health trend. Mostly known as a traditonal Chinese medical technique, acupuncture is seen as a homeopathic method of treatment. While alternative medicine does raise a lot of eyebrows for the scientifically-inclined, it does merit attention before being dismissed as a quack cure.

Basic Procedure

Basically, needles are inserted into the skin, each corresponding to one of the numerous pressure points located throughout the body. According to Traditional Chinese Medicine, by inserting a needle into the pressure point, an acupuncturist can manipulate the flow of chi or life force, thus relieving pain and gradually treating the patient. While most would say that the whole chi thing is a bunch of nonsense, science has suggested that with the needles inserted, the body’s natural painkillers called endorphins are released, thus helping with pain relief.

Instruments

Modern acupuncturists nowadays use disposable fine stainless steel needles that are 0.007 to 0.020 inches in diameter which are sterilized with either ethylene oxide or by autoclave. Since they are way finer than hypodermic syringe needles, being poked by these needles are relatively painless. The upper third of the needle is covered with either a thicker bronze wire or plastic to make the needle sturdier and easier to handle. The length of the needle and how far they are inserted is all up to the acupuncturist and his practised style of acupuncture.

Example Of Treatment

If a patient has a headache, he/she is diagnosed and is treated by stimulating the sensitive points located at the webs between the thumbs and palms. In acupuncture theory, these points are connected to the face and head and can be used for treatment of headaches and other ailments involved. Needles are then carefully inserted into the skin until the patient feels a twinge, which is usually accompanied by a slight involuntary twitching of the area. During this treatment, a number of things may occur.

– Sensitivity to pain in where needles are inserted.

– A hint of nausea during treatment in case of bad headaches.

– Near-immediate headache relief.

Evolution

As an ancient method, acupuncture has crossed over into the modern age with implementations of technology and recent scientific findings. Electrical stimulation is now a common technique that is combined with acupuncture to produce more effective results. Also, acupuncturists combined this eastern technique with western methods to further enhance the treatment.

Practitioners have eventually realized that leaning towards one school of thought can’t propagate progress unless they are willing to move towards the future by looking towards other horizons as well.

Reactions And Research

Not everyone is impressed with acupuncture itself. Most western medical professionals have expressed either doubt or indifference to the oriental method while others have downright driven it down into the earth with criticisms and brutal skepticism. However, recent research shows the efficacy (or lack thereof) of acupuncture, and while more research has to be done, it has been proven to actually positively affect some, but not all, forms of ailments that it claims to cure.

So as the doors open to a new age of acupuncture, give it a try when you feel the need for pain relief and you will not be disappointed. As the Chinese have used it for many centuries, so should we.

Magnets were discovered in China and Greece. In China it was used in fortune telling and as a guide to building. By 1200 AD they were used in ships as compasses. Ever since, sailors and navigators have used compasses and the earth’s magnetic field to guide them in their journeys, whether on land or at sea.

Legends have it that Magnes, the Greek shepherd discovered the magnetic properties of lodestone when his iron staff was stuck to the lodestone and he was unable to dislodge it. Another legend has it that magnets were discovered in Magnesia, a place in Turkey.

Traditional Chinese Medicine which dates back to 2600 BC used magnetic stones on certain areas of the body to correct imbalance. The Vedas, dating back to 1500 BC, mentioned the use of lodestone in healing. The dead were buried with the head facing north to create harmony between the body and the earth.

Thales, a Greek philosopher, described the magnetic effects of lodestone in the seventh century BC. When St. Augustine arrived in Britain in the sixth century, he noted that lodestone was being used.

Compasses were developed where the lodestone was suspended by a piece of string, then later by a piece of wood in water. This was subsequently replaced by the dry suspension magnets.

In 1269, Pierre de Maricourt mapped the magnetic field around the lodestone. William Gilbert in the sixteenth century recognised the two poles, north and south. He also described the healing properties of magnets. Gilbert realised that iron rods left in a north south direction in alignment with the earth’s magnetic field, became weakly magnetised after 20 years. He suggested that lightning could magnetise iron. He also found that if a blacksmith heated an iron rod, and cooled with the rod lying in a north south direction, it becomes magnetised if the blacksmith hammered it while it is cooling.

The horseshoe magnet was developed by bending a straight iron magnet into the shape of a horseshoe. With the north and south poles so near to each other, the power of the magnet was doubled.

Iron magnets were heavy. Lightweight powerful magnets were soon developed. In the eighteenth century, carbon steel magnets were developed. It retained its magnetism better than beaten iron.

The first alloy containing magnet was developed in the early twentieth century and contained cobalt, tungsten, molybdenum or chromium. The next development was in the 1930s when iron was alloyed with aluminium, nickel and cobalt. These magnets were called Alnico magnets. These magnets were still metal based and therefore heavy to use.

In 1980s, magnets incorporating cobalt and samarium were used. They were the rare earth magnets. They were lighter and were used in industry. They were, however, expensive. In 1983, magnets using iron, boron and neodymium were produced. They were called Neodymium Magnets. They are very difficult to demagnetise and will remain magnetised for several decades. The process by which neodymium magnets were developed is called sintering. High temperature and pressure are applied to the powdered metals. This, however, means the magnets are brittle but this can be overcome by using a strong metal casing. A Neodymium magnet of say 8000 gauss weighs 20 gm while the comparable strength Alnico magnet weighs 90kg.

In the nineteenth century, Hans Christian Oersted, professor of physics at Copenhagen discovered that an electric current developed a magnetic field. In 1830s Michael Faraday and Joseph Henry independently discovered that a magnetic field produced electricity.

James Clerk Maxwell, a British physicist developed the Cork Screw Rule for calculating the direction of electrical flow when an object is moved in a magnetic field. In 1820 Andre Marie produced a mathematical relationship between electricity and the strength of the magnetic field.

Franz Anton Mesmer was the eponymous Viennese psychiatrist who developed the theory of animal magnetism. In his magnetic seances, Mesmer placed individuals in a magnetic tub, and made them relax. He then touched them, sending them into a trance. When they woke up, they were cured.

Pierre Curie discovered that magnets lose their magnetism above a specific temperature. This is now known as the Curie point. Edward Purcell & Flix Bloch developed a way to measure the magnetic field of nuclei. This led to the development of the MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) scan.

In the 1960-1970 superconductors were developed. Magnets were cooled to absolute zero. These magnets can generate fields up to 200,000 gauss. It is used today in nuclear research.
Dr. Phil Hariram.

Arthritis Guide.

There are many arthritic patients and sufferers in pain that use magnets. Some are very certain that the magnets they are using are a great help.

There are no large controlled clinical trials to evaluate the benefits of magnets on arthritis.

Doctors in general do not think they work to relieve pain in arthritis. There are, however, amazing anecdotal evidence. There are stories that seem too good to be true.

A friend of mind, Steve, has severe back problems. He has a prolapsed intervertebral disc.
He could not stand for long and often made his journey to the toilet on all fours. After a MRI scan and other tests, his orthopaedic Surgeon told him he needed surgery.

A friend introduced him to magnotherapy. He placed a powerful booster magnet directly over the prolapsed disc. Within a week he was up and about. Today he wears a magnetic bracelet and although his disc is still out, he can do most things with care.

Experts think that a magnet placed over an artery will improve the oxygen carrying capacity of blood. This encourages faster healing. This theory is used in horse racing. Injured horses are fitted with magnets to speed up recovery and get them back on the track in the quickest time possible.

The most recent trial results showed that there was no real benefit from using a magnetic bracelets. The only benefits were placebo effect. The proponents argue that the improvements in animals confirm the benefits are not just placebo. They site circumstances where animals have made significant improvements after a magnet was fitted. A dog that needed to be lifted up unto the back of the car was able to leap in after having a magnetic collar, and many more similar stories.

Magnets are safe to use. The drugs that are used to help control pain and stiffness in arthritis come with risks. Often with magnets from a reputable company you get your money back within a specified time. If it does not work send it back.

The new alloy deodymium magnets retain their magnetic properties for 100 years. So one magnet will last a like time as long as you do not lose it.

Trial Results.

Here is a brief summary of a trial result published in the British Medical Journal (BMJ).

Randomized controlled trial of magnetic bracelets for relieving pain in osteoarthritis of the hip and knee.

Tim Harlow, Colin Greaves, Adrian White, Liz Brown, Anna Hart, Edzard Ernst

BMJ 2004;329 (18 December), doi:10.1136/bmj.329.7480.0-b

Abstract

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of commercially available magnetic bracelets for pain control in osteoarthritis of the hip and knee.

Design: Randomized, placebo controlled trial with three parallel groups.

Setting: Five rural general practices.

Participants: 194 men and women aged 45-80 years with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee.

Intervention: Wearing a standard strength static bipolar magnetic bracelet, a weak magnetic bracelet, or a non-magnetic (dummy) bracelet for 12 weeks.

Main outcome measures: Change in the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis lower limb pain scale  (WOMAC A) after 12 weeks, with the primary comparison between the standard and dummy groups. Secondary outcomes included changes in WOMAC B and C scales and a visual analogue scale for pain.

Results: Mean pain scores were reduced more in the standard magnet group than in the dummy group (mean difference 1.3 points, 95% confidence interval 0.05 to 2.55). Self reported blinding status did not affect the results. The scores for secondary outcome measures were consistent with the WOMAC A scores.

Conclusion Pain from osteoarthritis of the hip and knee decreases when wearing magnetic bracelets. It is uncertain whether this response is due to specific or non-specific (placebo) effects.

Dr. Phil Hariram,

Arthritis Guide.

If you have arthritis and you are looking to control pain without drugs, then the first thing you need to do is to  reduce your weight or maintain a normal weight. If you are overweight, weight loss will be the most important thing you can do to improve the level of pain, stiffness and mobility.

A small amount of weight loss can make a significant difference. The best measure of weight in relation to height and general body health is the Body Mass Index (BMI). The normal range is 20-25 and 26-30 is considered overweight and over 31 obese.

Extra weight puts additional stress on weight bearing joints such as knees and hips, and increases the level of pain. It also increases the risk of arthritis. It is not always easy to lose weight if you have arthritis.

If your weight remains constant on a particular diet plan, then you are consuming just the right amount of calories to provide for the needs of the body. If you are gaining weight, then you are taking more than your body needs and the extra calories are stored as fat.

To lose weight you need to consume less than your body requires. This way the extra calories needed is obtained from the breakdown of fats stored in the body. Exercise will help you burn fats. It is not as effective as a specific diet plan but will help. It should be incorporated into the whole weight loss plan.

The heavier you are, the more calories you will burn during exercise. Exercise will keep the joints supple, reduce stiffness and tone up supporting muscles. It also makes you feel healthier and energised.

When exercising, you are moving synovial fluids around the joint. This is beneficial because it improves nutrition to the joint.

To assess your progress, evaluate the level of pain, stiffness and mobility before your diet and exercise plan, then make assessments at intervals.

Dr. Phil Hariram

Arthritis Guide.

This form of arthritis treatment is increasing in popularity and more health food shops are stocking their shelves with alternative treatment for arthritis. There are many reasons why sufferers are turning to this form of treatment.

Conventional medicine is not providing the expected benefits patients want. Ideally I would expect for arthritis a drug that will work effectively to control pain, stiffness and swelling without any concerns about side effects. In reality the picture is different.

Patients are concerned about the potential side effects. Drugs that work well for pain control for years, are suddenly withdrawn because of serious side effects and makes a sufferer suspicious of conventional drugs. Some drugs are re-introduced on the proviso that the benefits outweigh the risk.

Some analgesics have addictive potentials. NSAIDs can cause gastric bleeds and the newer COX2 inhibitors can cause heart problems.

There is nothing wrong with complimentary medicine but be well informed before you use them.

I have used acupuncture on my patients with pain. The only serious risk from acupuncture is a punctured lung. If your acupuncturist sticks a needle on your chest wall for arthritic pain, then question his credibility.

I have used acupuncture for backache and I have had some amazing results. One day I will post these individual results but I can reassure you that everyone with backache who had acupuncture from me had some improvement.

There are a wide range of complimentary therapies available. They include homeopathy, herbal medicine and Traditional Chinese Medicine. Then there are treatments such as massage, aromatherapy and reflexology.

If you are looking for a way to control pain, stiffness or other problems with arthritis, you could waste a lot of time and money looking for a solution.

Please make an informed decision on what you want to do. My blog will give you information but it is up to you to decide what treatment option to go for.

Dr. Phil Hariram,

Arthritis Guide.

Glucosamine and chondroitin are widely advertised as remedies for osteoarthritis. The benefits, however, are not clear.

A qualitative assessment of various trials were done by T.E. McAlindon et al. to evaluate the benefits of glucosamine and chondroitin products for osteoarthritis of the knee and/or hip.

The studies were randomised, double blind, placebo controlled of four weeks duration. Fifteen studies reached the criteria and were included in the analysis.

Conclusions: Trials of glucosamine and chondroitin products for osteoarthritis of the knee and hip showed moderate to higher effects but there were quality issues and possible bias suggesting that benefits were exaggerated.

They concluded, however, that some degree of benefits appear probable.

A trial by H.Muller-Fassbender et al. in 1994 compared glucosamine sulfate to ibuprofen in osteoarthritis of the knee. The result showed that glucosamine was as effective as ibuprofen but without the potential serious side effects.

Dr. Phil Hariram,

Arthritis Guide.

Glucosamine is an amino acid sugar produced by the body and present in cartilage. It has been widely promoted as a treatment for osteoarthritis.

There is no conclusive evidence that this drug is effective. It is up to you to make your own mind up on it. There are individuals who swear by it and others who have no benefit.

Promoters of glucosamine claim it repairs damaged cartilage. It is derived from shells of shellfish. It is classified as dietary supplement just like chondroitin and its manufacture is not subjected to regulation. Make sure you purchase from a reputable company and check the ingredients.

There are no serious side effects with glucosamine. It is extracted from shells of shellfish so if you are allergic to shellfish be aware of this. If you are a diabetic, remember that glucosamine is an amino acid sugar and can impact on your blood sugar level.

Your family doctor is not likely to recommend glucosamine or chondroitin as an arthritis treatment because there is no clear evidence that they confer greater benefits over placebo in arthritis treatment.

It is, however, a safe medication. If you are on this drug or you are considering taking it, use it for three months before making your evaluation. If you are convinced there is improvement, continue using it as a treatment of arthritis.

Dr. Phil Hariram,

Arthritis Guide.

Image by denis collette via Flickr

Pain from acid reflux in the elderly can often present as chest pain and can be easily be confused with pain of cardiac origin. The typical heartburn is more common in the younger age group.

Acid reflux is the most likely cause of non cardiac chest pains in the elderly but at the time the patient is convinced and scared that it a sign of a heart attack. If heart disease and GERD occur together, they will make each other worse. Some drugs for heart disease will relax the lower esophageal sphincter and the drug is more likely continued because the benefits outweigh the side effects.

Dysphagia (difficulty in swallowing) at any age needs urgent investigations and treatment. In the elderly dyshagia can lead to malnutrition. Malnutrition makes a person weak and susceptible to infections and other illnesses that the body normally keep at bay.

Asthma and GERD are related. It is not different in the elderly. Acid reflux can trigger asthmatic symptoms and asthma drugs can trigger acid reflux symptoms.

Elderly GERD patients are more prone to chest infections such as bronchitis and pneumonia. This happens commonly when refluxate aspirate into the respiratory system.

Damage of teeth can occur when acid reflux frequently ends up in the back of the throat and mouth. The acid will erode the teeth. This is more common in the ill, confined to bed, or those who spend more time lying down.

Hoarseness is more common in the elderly with acid reflux.

Some drugs can cause acid reflux. Others may be difficult to swallow. Liquid medication is best or drink a glass of water after swallowing tablets.

Dr. Phil Hariram.

Image via Wikipedia

Herbs are considered natural remedies and can be bought over the counter. The impression is that because they are just herbs, they are safe. This is not always the case.

During pregnancy you have to be very careful. Some herbs can cause miscarriage, raise your blood pressure or affect your baby. My opinion is that you do not take herbal medicine during pregnancy. Ginger, however, is one I recommend. If you are tempted, ask your doctor first. Do not listen to advice at health food shops or herbalists. These herbs are not tested and no one can guarantee their safety in pregnancy.

Some herbs we know can cause problems during pregnancy. The others we know very little of their potential to harm.

Ginger is a herb used in cooking but it can help GERD. It can stimulate saliva production in the mouth. Saliva is a natural antacid. It works well in heartburn of pregnancy, helps relieve nausea and vomiting and it is a carminative (relieve gas). It has been used for centuries to control nausea and vomiting.

Ginger is available as a powder, juice, oil or in capsules. My recommendation is to use a small amount of fresh ginger mixed in your food. Avoid ginger supplements in pregnancy and make sure you know how much ginger you can safely take in a 24 hour time frame.

A review of six double blind controlled trials was published in 2005. The study involved 675 pregnant women with GERD. The study provided evidence that ginger is effective in relieving nausea and vomiting during pregnancy. Ginger also has no significant side effects or potential harm to the foetus.

If you are keen to avoid medication for GERD in pregnancy, use a small amount of fresh ginger in your food. It is safe and adds flavour to your food.

Dr. Phil Hariram.

Yoga is a combination of exercises that relaxes the body and help digestion. The breathing exercises and various techniques employed relax muscles and reduce stress. Yoga experts suggest that during meals you eat slowly and chew properly to promote good digestion. In between bites you should take a deep breath.

Do not practice yoga soon after meals. It will make your GERD worse. Wait for about three hours. Select the exercises that will not put added pressure on your abdomen. This will aggravate GERD. Choose the exercises that keep you upright and avoid unnecessary bending. Yoga is a good discipline to use during pregnancy.

Reflexology involves working on particular part of the foot to promote balance or normality in various organs of the body. The esophagus and the stomach are included in the map of the foot, The stomach is in the middle of the sole of the foot and the esophagus is on the sole right behind the big toe. The diaphragm is just in front of the stomach area. Proponents of the therapy will work in these areas of the foot to treat GERD.

Juice therapy is used in treating GERD. It is safe in pregnancy. The juice is a mixture of fruits added into a juicer and the extracted juice is drunk. One recipe includes one quarter pineapple, one kiwi fruit, one quarter of an inch of fresh ginger crushed. Some suggest adding fresh mint leaves but mint can relax the Lower Esophageal Sphincter.

The ingredient that produces the real benefit is ginger. In pregnancy you should not exceed the recommended daily intake, so you are restricted to 8 ounces of the juice.

Dr. Phil Hariram.