Antacids neutralise acid in the stomach. They do not prevent acid secretions or acid reflux into the esophagus. Antacids react with stomach acid, hydrochloric acid, and help to raise the pH from a low acidic level.

Antacids are base compounds and the mode of action is same as I learnt at school.

Acid + Base= Salt + Water.

Following this reaction the acid level is reduced and the refluxate is less likely to cause problem to the lining of the esophagus.

The most common antacids are compounds of aluminium, magnesium, calcium, sodium and bismuth.

Aluminium is in the form of aluminium hydroxide and carbonate. Magnesium is present as magnesium hydroxide and trisilicate. Calcium as calcium carbonate and sodium as sodium bicarbonate.

These compounds are safe if used as recommended. If symptoms persists while taking antacids, rather than increase the dose and frequency of the drugs, it is wise to see your family doctor for diagnosis, investigation and additional acid reflux treatment.

Although antacids are a safe form of acid reflux treatment, they can produce side effects. Magnesium compounds can produce diarrhoea. Calcium containing antacids can cause constipation, urinary problems, headache and nausea. Aluminium compounds can cause bone pains, constipation and loss of appetite. Sodium compounds increase sodium intake into the body and not recommended for anyone with high blood pressure or heart disease.

Antacids should not be given to children under six years old. In addition antacids can affect absorption of certain prescribed drugs. If you are taking a drug that can be affected by antacids, then do not take the two together but wait at least three hours ( The average time for gastric clearance) before taking the antacid.

Dr.Phil Hariram,